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Purpose@#To evaluate the biomechanical properties of corneas using a dynamic Scheimpflug analyzer (Corvis ST) after penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) and Descemet’s membrane stripping keratoplasty (DSEK). @*Methods@#The medical records of 11 eyes that had undergone PKP (PKP group) and 11 eyes that had undergone DSEK (DSEK group) from March 2017 to March 2018 and the results were compared with 20 eyes of the control group. All patients’ corneal biomechanical properties, including a deformation amplitude ratio of 2.0 mm (DA ratio 2.0 mm), integrated inverse radius (IntInvRad), stiffness parameter at first applanation (SP-A1), and Ambrosio relational thickness through the horizon meridian (ARTh) were measured and compared with those of the normal control group. In addition, biomechanically corrected intraocular pressure (bIOP) measured by the Corvis ST was compared with intraocular pressure measured by a Tono-Pen Applanation Tonometer (IOP-Tono-Pen). @*Results@#In the PKP group, the biomechanical properties using the Corvis ST showed a significantly lower DA ratio 2.0 mm, SP-A1, ARTh, and IntInvRad, compared with those of the control group. However, in the DSEK group, only ARTh was significantly lower than that of the control group. @*Conclusions@#Corvis ST can be used to measure the change of corneal biomechanical properties after corneal transplantation.
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Purpose@#To describe a case of acute retinal necrosis with clinical features of orbital inflammation.Case summary: A 33-year-old female presented with right eye injection, chemosis, and pain. At the first visit, the uncorrectedvisual acuity and intraocular pressure of her right eye were 20/20 and 20 mmHg, respectively. Slit-lamp examination showed inflammatorycell 2+ in the anterior chamber of the right eye; an evaluation of the peripheral retina was not conducted. The nextday, computed tomography (CT) was performed due to aggravation of the orbital inflammation. High-dose intravenous methylprednisoloneinjection was initiated on the finding of posterior scleritis with orbital inflammation on CT scans; peripheral retinalnecrosis and obstructive vasculitis were also noted. Clinically determined to be acute retinal necrosis, the patient began systemicantiviral therapy. A diagnostic anterior chamber paracentesis was positive for herpes simplex virus type 2 by polymerasechain reaction. The patient was treated with intravenous acyclovir and intravitreal injections of foscarnet, as well as barrier lasertherapy. After two weeks of treatment, the patient was discharged with oral valacyclovir. During the three months of follow-up,the visual acuity of the right eye was hand motion, due to chronic optic disc swelling with chronic macular edema and maculardegeneration. Neither eye showed retinal lesion progression. @*Conclusions@#Rarely, acute retinal necrosis is accompanied by clinical manifestations of orbital inflammation. Therefore, if patientshave uveitis with orbital inflammation, it is important to consider the possibility of acute retinal necrosis and to examine theperipheral retina carefully.
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Carisbamate is an antiepileptic drug and it also has broad neuroprotective activity and anticonvulsant reaction. In this study, a liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometric (LC-qTOF-MS) method was developed and applied for the determination of carisbamate in rat plasma to support in vitro and in vivo studies. A quadratic regression (weighted 1/concentration2), with an equation y = ax2 + bx + c, was used to fit calibration curves over the concentration range from 9.05 to 6,600 ng/mL for carisbamate in rat plasma. Preclinical in vitro and in vivo studies of carisbamate have been studied through the developed bioanalytical method. Based on these study results, human pharmacokinetic (PK) profile has been predicted using physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling. The PBPK model was optimized and validated by using the in vitro and in vivo data. The human PK of carisbamate after oral dosing of 750 mg was simulated by using this validated PBPK model. The human PK parameters and profiles predicted from the validated PBPK model were similar to the clinical data. This PBPK model developed from the preclinical data for carisbamate would be useful for predicting the PK of carisbamate in various clinical settings.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects and characteristics of health care programs for pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in Korea. This study was conducted according to the Cochrane Collaboration’s systematic literature review handbook and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses reporting guideline. We searched eight international and domestic electronic databases for relevant studies. Two reviewers independently selected the studies and extracted data. For each study, information on the research method, participants, characteristics of the program, and results were extracted using a previously established coding table. The National Evidence-based Healthcare Collaborating Agency’s risk of bias assessment tool for non-randomized studies was used to assess the risk of bias of the included articles. A qualitative review of the selected studies was performed because the interventions differed considerably and the measured outcomes varied. Out of 128 initially identified papers, seven were included in the final analysis. The risk of bias was evaluated as generally low. Health care programs for pregnant women with GDM showed positive effects on blood glucose control. Anxiety and depression were reduced, and self-management and self-care behavior, self-efficacy, and maternal identity improved. Our study provides clinical evidence for the effectiveness of health care programs for pregnant women with GDM, and its results can be used to support the development of health care programs for GDM. More well-designed research is needed on GDM, especially studies that deal with emotional stress and apply a family-oriented approach.
ABSTRACT
Carisbamate is an antiepileptic drug and it also has broad neuroprotective activity and anticonvulsant reaction. In this study, a liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometric (LC-qTOF-MS) method was developed and applied for the determination of carisbamate in rat plasma to support in vitro and in vivo studies. A quadratic regression (weighted 1/concentration2), with an equation y = ax2 + bx + c, was used to fit calibration curves over the concentration range from 9.05 to 6,600 ng/mL for carisbamate in rat plasma. Preclinical in vitro and in vivo studies of carisbamate have been studied through the developed bioanalytical method. Based on these study results, human pharmacokinetic (PK) profile has been predicted using physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling. The PBPK model was optimized and validated by using the in vitro and in vivo data. The human PK of carisbamate after oral dosing of 750 mg was simulated by using this validated PBPK model. The human PK parameters and profiles predicted from the validated PBPK model were similar to the clinical data. This PBPK model developed from the preclinical data for carisbamate would be useful for predicting the PK of carisbamate in various clinical settings.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects and characteristics of health care programs for pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in Korea. This study was conducted according to the Cochrane Collaboration’s systematic literature review handbook and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses reporting guideline. We searched eight international and domestic electronic databases for relevant studies. Two reviewers independently selected the studies and extracted data. For each study, information on the research method, participants, characteristics of the program, and results were extracted using a previously established coding table. The National Evidence-based Healthcare Collaborating Agency’s risk of bias assessment tool for non-randomized studies was used to assess the risk of bias of the included articles. A qualitative review of the selected studies was performed because the interventions differed considerably and the measured outcomes varied. Out of 128 initially identified papers, seven were included in the final analysis. The risk of bias was evaluated as generally low. Health care programs for pregnant women with GDM showed positive effects on blood glucose control. Anxiety and depression were reduced, and self-management and self-care behavior, self-efficacy, and maternal identity improved. Our study provides clinical evidence for the effectiveness of health care programs for pregnant women with GDM, and its results can be used to support the development of health care programs for GDM. More well-designed research is needed on GDM, especially studies that deal with emotional stress and apply a family-oriented approach.
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PURPOSE: Despite the benefits of minimally invasive surgery for cervical cancer, there are a lack of randomized trials comparing laparoscopic radical hysterectomy and abdominal radical hysterectomy. We compared morbidity, cost of care, and survival between abdominal radical hysterectomy and laparoscopic radical hysterectomy for cervical cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used the Korean nationwide database to identify women with cervical cancer who underwent radical hysterectomy from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2014. Patients who underwent abdominal radical hysterectomy were compared to those who underwent laparoscopic radical hysterectomy. Perioperative morbidity, the use of adjuvant therapy, and survival were evaluated after propensity score balancing. RESULTS: We identified 6,335 patients, including 3,235 who underwent abdominal radical hysterectomy and 3,100 who underwent laparoscopic radical hysterectomy. The use of laparoscopic radical hysterectomy increased from 46.1% in 2011 to 51.8% in 2014. Patients who were younger, had a more recent year of diagnosis, and were treated in the metropolitan area were more likely to undergo a laparoscopic procedure (p < 0.001). Compared to abdominal radical hysterectomy, laparoscopic radical hysterectomy was associated with lower rates of complication, fewertransfusions, a shorter hospital stay, less adjuvant therapy, and reduced total medical costs (p < 0.001). Laparoscopic surgery was associated with a better overall survival than abdominal operation (hazard ratio, 0.74; 95% confidence interval, 0.64 to 0.85). CONCLUSION: In the postdissemination era, laparoscopic radical hysterectomy was associated with more favorable morbidity profiles, a lower cost of care, and comparable survival than abdominal radical hysterectomy.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Diagnosis , Hysterectomy , Laparoscopy , Length of Stay , Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures , Propensity Score , Uterine Cervical NeoplasmsABSTRACT
Conventional dental resins for crown and bridge fulfill ISO 10477 and ISO 10993 before clinical application. Although 3D printing or rapid prototyping (RP) for the fabrication of temporary crown and bridge have been proposed, a little studies were reported for 3D printing resin for temporary crown and bridge. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the physical properties (such as water sorption and solubility, color stability and flexural strength) of the various 3D printing temporary crown and bridge resin following the ISO 10477:2018 and estimate the effect of chemical composition of resin on the physical properties. Four resins approved by KFDA and 4 experimental resins developed by different manufacturer were tested in this study. Samples were prepared with DLP typed 3D Printer (G-Printer) and post-cured using UV-light Cure Unit (Cure M). Proper 3D printing and post-curing conditions were selected for different 3D printing resins. Each test was performed according to the ISO 10477 and results were statistically analyzed using Tukey-multiple comparison test (p=0.05). Only group-B did not satisfied the ISO requirement ( 60 MPa). Resin components may affect the flexural strength, then user should check the components of 3D printing resin. Deficient degree of polymerization may lead to large water sorption, water solubility and color changes. Further study should be done comparison between specimens printed with specific 3D printer recommended by manufacturer and specimens used in this study.
Subject(s)
Crowns , Polymerization , Polymers , Printing, Three-Dimensional , Resins, Synthetic , Solubility , WaterABSTRACT
PURPOSE: We evaluated the clinical role of rapid next-generation sequencing (NGS) for identifying BRCA1/2 mutations compared to traditional Sanger sequencing. METHODS: Twenty-four paired samples from 12 patients were analyzed in this prospective study to compare the performance of NGS to the Sanger method. Both NGS and Sanger sequencing were performed in 2 different laboratories using blood samples from patients with breast cancer. We then analyzed the accuracy of NGS in terms of variant calling and determining concordance rates of BRCA1/2 mutation detection. RESULTS: The overall concordance rate of BRCA1/2 mutation identification was 100%. Variants of unknown significance (VUS) were reported in two cases of BRCA1 and 3 cases of BRCA2 after Sanger sequencing, whereas NGS reported only 1 case of BRCA1 VUS, likely due to differences in reference databases used for mutation identification. The median turnaround time of Sanger sequencing was 22 days (range, 14–26 days), while the median time of NGS was only 6 days (range, 3–21 days). CONCLUSION: NGS yielded comparably accurate results to Sanger sequencing and in a much shorter time with respect to BRCA1/2 mutation identification. The shorter turnaround time and higher accuracy of NGS may help clinicians make more timely and informed decisions regarding surgery or neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer.
Subject(s)
Humans , Breast Neoplasms , Breast , Clinical Decision-Making , Drug Therapy , High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing , Methods , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
No abstract available.
Subject(s)
Humans , Cafe-au-Lait Spots , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15ABSTRACT
No abstract available.
Subject(s)
Child , Female , Humans , Bone Marrow/pathology , Burkitt Lymphoma/diagnosis , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1 , Flow Cytometry , Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/genetics , Isochromosomes/genetics , Karyotype , Karyotyping , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/genetics , Republic of Korea , Translocation, GeneticABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Mutations in the gene encoding transforming growth factor-beta induced (TGFBI) are associated with corneal dystrophies. We evaluated the diagnostic performance of the GENEDIA Avellino corneal dystrophy (ACD) mutation detection kit and GENEDIA corneal dystrophy screening master mix (Green Cross Medical Science Co., Korea) by comparing it with an in-house sequencing method. METHODS: The study group consisted of 40 patients with Avellino corneal dystrophy (ACD) and 40 patients suspected to suffer from ACD; 40 healthy individuals were used as the control. All samples used for this study were previously obtained. All results obtained using the kit were evaluated for sensitivity, specificity, and detection limit. RESULTS: The sensitivity of the GENEDIA ACD kit was 100.0% with a positive mean+/-2SD Ct (cycle threshold) value of 25.87+/-1.24 and an excellent coefficient of variation value of 0.02 in ACD group. All normal control samples were negative, indicating a specificity of 100% for the GENEDIA kit. The detection limit was set at a DNA concentration of >0.2 ng/microL. Direct sequencing results obtained using the GENEDIA master mix and the in-house method agreed for all 20 ACD samples. Additional R555W mutation detected in four ACD-suspected samples were suggestive of the diagnosis of granular corneal dystrophy type I. CONCLUSIONS: The GENEDIA ACD detection kit and master mix showed acceptable results, demonstrating high sensitivity and specificity, and may be considered for clinical application. Furthermore, the GENEDIA master mix was useful for the detection of mutations in exons 4 and 12 of the TGFBI gene.
Subject(s)
Humans , Diagnosis , DNA , Exons , Limit of Detection , Mass Screening , Methods , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
Multiparametric flow cytometry (MFC) allows discrimination between normal and neoplastic plasma cells (NeoPCs) within the bone marrow plasma cell (BMPC) compartment. This study sought to characterize immunophenotypes and quantitate the proportion of NeoPCs in BMPCs to diagnose plasma cell myeoma (PCM) and evaluate the prognostic impact of this method. We analyzed the MFC data of the bone marrow aspirates of 76 patients with PCM and 33 patients with reactive plasmacytosis. MFC analysis was performed using three combinations: CD38/CD138/-/CD45; CD56/CD20/CD138/CD19; and CD27/CD28/CD138/CD117. The plasma cells of patients with reactive plasmacytosis demonstrated normal immunophenotypic patterns. Aberrant marker expression was observed in NeoPCs, with negative CD19 expression observed in 100% of cases, CD56+ in 73.7%, CD117+ in 15.2%, CD27- in 10.5%, CD20+ in 9.2%, and CD28+ in 1.3%. In PCM patients, more than 20% of NeoPCs/BMPCs were significantly associated with factors suggestive of poor clinical outcomes. Patients who were CD27- or CD56+/CD27-, demonstrated shorter overall survival than patients of other CD56/CD27 combinations. Our results support the clinical value of immunophenotyping and quantifying NeoPCs in PCM patients. This strategy could help to reveal poor prognostic categories and delineate surrogate markers for risk stratification in PCM patients.
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 7/metabolism , CD56 Antigen/metabolism , Asian People , Bone Marrow Cells/cytology , Flow Cytometry , Immunophenotyping , Kaplan-Meier Estimate , Multiple Myeloma/metabolism , Neoplasm Staging , Neoplastic Stem Cells/cytology , Prognosis , Republic of Korea , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
Oxidative stress such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) within the inflamed joint have been indicated as being involved as inflammatory mediators in the induction of arthritis. Correlations between extracellular-superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) and inflammatory arthritis have been shown in several animal models of RA. However, there is a question whether the over-expression of EC-SOD on arthritic joint also could suppress the progression of disease or not. In the present study, the effect on the synovial tissue of experimental arthritis was investigated using EC-SOD over-expressing transgenic mice. The over-expression of EC-SOD in joint tissue was confirmed by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. The degree of the inflammation in EC-SOD transgenic mice was suppressed in the collagen-induced arthritis model. In a cytokine assay, the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as, IL-1beta, TNFalpha, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) was decreased in fibroblast-like synoviocyte (FLS) but not in peripheral blood. Histological examination also showed repressed cartilage destruction and bone in EC-SOD transgenic mice. In conclusion, these data suggest that the over-expression of EC-SOD in FLS contributes to the activation of FLS and protection from joint destruction by depressing the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines and MMPs. These results provide EC-SOD transgenic mice with a useful animal model for inflammatory arthritis research.
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Arthritis, Experimental/blood , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/enzymology , Fibroblasts/metabolism , Gene Expression Regulation , Inflammation/pathology , Interleukin-1beta/blood , Joints/enzymology , Matrix Metalloproteinases/blood , Mice, Transgenic , Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism , Superoxide Dismutase/genetics , Synovial Fluid/enzymology , Synovial Membrane/pathologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: As many studies revealed that oxidative stress due to the imbalance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant capacity is related with pathologic processes such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, as well as aging and obesity, the relationship between lifestyle and oxidative stress has recently gained much medical attention. However, little information exists on the effects of lifestyle on ROS in Korea. In this study, we investigated the effects of lifestyle on free oxygen radical levels in men and women in Korea. METHODS: A total of 138 adults participated in this study from September 2007 to June 2010 at a health promotion center and department of family medicine. Information on the lifestyle of each participant was obtained by questionnaire. Biochemical markers and a free oxygen radical test (FORT) were also measured. RESULTS: The average age was 47.28 +/- 10.85 years and 79.7% were male. High sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP; r = 0.418, P = 0.012), triglycerides (r = -0.243, P = 0.008), hemoglobin (r = -0.445, P < 0.001), total protein (r = 0.210, P = 0.036), creatinine (r = -0.294, P = 0.001), fruit intake per day (P = 0.047), and smoking (P = 0.003) were related to the FORT levels in univariate analysis. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that hs-CRP (P = 0.039) was an independent predictor of serum FORT values. This statistical model can explain 78% of the variance in FORT values. CONCLUSION: This result suggests that hs-CRP showed a statistically significant positive association with FORT values. Further studies on the relationship between lifestyle and antioxidant capacity as well as ROS seem to be warranted to evaluate the overall effect of oxidative stress.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Aging , Biomarkers , C-Reactive Protein , Cardiovascular Diseases , Creatinine , Fruit , Health Promotion , Hemoglobins , Korea , Life Style , Linear Models , Models, Statistical , Obesity , Oxidative Stress , Oxygen , Pathologic Processes , Reactive Oxygen Species , Smoke , Smoking , Triglycerides , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
The coexistence of CCND1/IGH and MYC rearrangements in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare finding associated with a very poor prognosis. In this study, a patient with blastoid variant (MCL) is reported. The disease was clinically aggressive and refractory to chemotherapy, and the patient only survived for 1 month following diagnosis. Conventional cytogenetic study, FISH, and multicolor FISH (mFISH) demonstrated the involvement of the BCL1/CCND1 locus in a complex translocation, t(3;11)(q25;p15)t(11;14)(q13;q32). In addition, subclonal abnormalities in the 8q24 region, manifested as a t(8;14)(q24;q32)/MYC rearrangement, were identified. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first MCL case in Korea bearing these complex genomic aberrations.
Subject(s)
Aged, 80 and over , Humans , Male , CD5 Antigens/metabolism , Bone Marrow/immunology , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11 , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14 , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3 , Gene Rearrangement , Immunophenotyping , In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence , Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/diagnosis , Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/genetics , Translocation, GeneticABSTRACT
The aim of this study is to investigate prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) among adolescents and difference in worry and stress between normal and IBS groups. Questionnaire survey was conducted at a girl's middle and high school. Students from seventh to eleventh grade participated in the examination on Rome II criteria, lifestyle and dietary habits. Worry and stress were measured with the Korean version Penn State Worry Questionnaire-Children and the Korean version Brief Encounter Psychosocial Instrument. Worry score was significantly higher in the IBS group (22.07 +/- 9.38, P < 0.001) than in the normal group (18.65 +/- 8.99) and was higher in high school students than in middle school students (P = 0.02). Stress score also was higher in the IBS group than in the normal group (P < 0.001) and was higher in the high school girls than in the middle school ones (P = 0.04). Of all the lifestyle factors influencing IBS preference for fatty foods, preference for salty foods, drinking alcohol and sleeping for less than six hours a day were found to be significant. Worry and stress seem to be associated with IBS symptoms. The findings of this study draw a clue that less worry and stress will help decrease IBS symptoms.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Female , Humans , Alcohol Drinking , Anxiety , Body Mass Index , Feeding Behavior , Irritable Bowel Syndrome/epidemiology , Life Style , Prevalence , Surveys and Questionnaires , Regression Analysis , Sleep , Socioeconomic Factors , Stress, PsychologicalABSTRACT
The aim of this study is to investigate prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) among adolescents and difference in worry and stress between normal and IBS groups. Questionnaire survey was conducted at a girl's middle and high school. Students from seventh to eleventh grade participated in the examination on Rome II criteria, lifestyle and dietary habits. Worry and stress were measured with the Korean version Penn State Worry Questionnaire-Children and the Korean version Brief Encounter Psychosocial Instrument. Worry score was significantly higher in the IBS group (22.07 +/- 9.38, P < 0.001) than in the normal group (18.65 +/- 8.99) and was higher in high school students than in middle school students (P = 0.02). Stress score also was higher in the IBS group than in the normal group (P < 0.001) and was higher in the high school girls than in the middle school ones (P = 0.04). Of all the lifestyle factors influencing IBS preference for fatty foods, preference for salty foods, drinking alcohol and sleeping for less than six hours a day were found to be significant. Worry and stress seem to be associated with IBS symptoms. The findings of this study draw a clue that less worry and stress will help decrease IBS symptoms.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Female , Humans , Alcohol Drinking , Anxiety , Body Mass Index , Feeding Behavior , Irritable Bowel Syndrome/epidemiology , Life Style , Prevalence , Surveys and Questionnaires , Regression Analysis , Sleep , Socioeconomic Factors , Stress, PsychologicalABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Metabolic syndrome has been reported to have adverse effects on cognitive function, although the results are conflicting. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between metabolic syndrome and cognitive function in elderly Korean participants older than 60 years. METHODS: We examined elderly participants who visited the health promotion center in Gyeonggi-do province. We categorized the participants into two groups based on the presence of metabolic syndrome (48 participants in the metabolic syndrome group and 45 in the control group). Cognitive function was assessed in all participants using the Korean version of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD-K). RESULTS: Compared with those without metabolic syndrome, participants with metabolic syndrome had lower mean total CERAD-K scores (64.2 +/- 11.1 vs. 69.8 +/- 9.2, P = 0.010). In the comparison of CERAD-K items, significantly lower scores were observed in the verbal fluency test, the construction recall test, the word list learning test, and trail making B in the group with metabolic syndrome. After controlling age, sex, education, smoking, alcohol, physical activity and the Korean version of the Short Geriatric Depression Scale of Korean, multiple regression analysis showed that metabolic syndrome was independently associated with cognitive function (P = 0.014). Alcohol intake (P = 0.002) and education years (P = 0.001) were also contributing factors to cognitive function. CONCLUSION: This study found a significant relationship between cognitive function and metabolic syndrome. It will be necessary to perform a prospective study to determine whether metabolic syndrome causes cognitive dysfunction or if the correction of metabolic syndrome can improve cognitive function.
Subject(s)
Aged , Humans , Alzheimer Disease , Depression , Health Promotion , Learning , Motor Activity , Smoke , SmokingABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The study of the correlation of menopausal symptoms with heart rate variability (HRV) has not been adequate. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between postmenopausal symptoms measured by the menopause rating scale (MRS) and HRV. METHODS: We assessed postmenopausal symptoms (using MRS) with age, BMI, educational status, occupation, marital status, alcohol and caffeine consumption, smoking history, exercise, duration of sleep and amenorrhea, degree of anxiety and depression, menarcheal age, and heart rate variability. For evaluation of HRV, the record of electrocardiogram for 5 minutes in the resting state was divided into temporal categories and frequency categories, and analyzed. RESULTS: No significant differences in age, BMI, duration of amenorrhea, heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood sugar, triglyceride, and high-density lipoprotein were observed between two groups, which were divided according to menopausal symptoms. Low frequency/high frequency (LF/HF) ratio was significantly higher in symptomatic women, compared with asymptomatic women (P < 0.05). No significant differences of HRV index by the severity of postmenopausal symptoms were observed. LF/HF ratio of HRV parameters showed a significant increase in moderate or severe degree of "hot flashes" and "sleep problem" score (P < 0.05). Anxiety scale in symptomatic women was significantly higher than in asymptomatic women (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The above data suggest that postmenopausal symptoms are associated with altered autonomic control of heart rate. In particular, hot flashes and sleep problems in moderate or severe degree are related to increase of sympathetic nerve activity.